Hypogonadism
Hypogonadism is a condition in which the body doesn't produce enough sex hormones. There are two main types:
- Primary hypogonadism occurs when there is a problem with the testicles or ovaries. These reproductive glands don't function properly and don't produce enough sex hormones.
- Secondary hypogonadism happens when the pituitary gland doesn't signal the reproductive glands properly to produce sex hormones. The problem originates in the brain.
Symptoms can vary depending on the age when hypogonadism develops, but may include:
- Low sex drive
- Erectile dysfunction
- Infertility
- Loss of body and facial hair
- Decrease in muscle mass
- Fatigue, low energy
- Mood changes like depression
Causes of primary hypogonadism include:
- Genetic conditions
- Radiation treatment
- Chemotherapy
- Viral or bacterial infection
- Liver or kidney disease
- Iron overload disorders
Causes of secondary hypogonadism include:
- Pituitary disorders
- Inflammatory diseases
- HIV/AIDS
- Tumors in the brain
Diagnosis involves blood tests to check hormone levels as well as imaging tests to look for problems in the endocrine system.
Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include:
- Testosterone replacement therapy
- Estrogen replacement therapy
- Fertility medications
- Surgery to remove tumors on glands
The outlook for someone with hypogonadism varies widely. With proper treatment to return hormone levels to normal, many effects of the condition can be reversed or improved. Catching it early improves the chances of successfully managing symptoms long-term.